过去时的结构与用法（原来这么好学，看了才知道）

一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。下面小编告诉你英语的过去时态，大家一起来看看吧!

英语的过去时态：

一般过去时

一、构成

由动词的过去式表示。be 和have分别为was / were和had.

二、基本用法

(1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。这个时间可以通过具体的时间状语、从句或上下文等来表示。如：

She bought her friend a present yesterday. 她昨天买了一件礼物给她的朋友。

I lived in this village when I was a boy. 当我还是个孩子的时候我住在这个村庄里。

I went to the city, but my brother remained at home. 我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。

I couldn't sew until I was six. 我直到六岁时才会用针缝东西。

—Alice is not coming to your birthday party tonight.

—But she promised.

—艾利斯今晚不来参加你的生日聚会了。

—但是她答应要来的。

(2) 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。如：

We used to go there every year. 我每年都去那儿。

We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。

The little boy made a living by selling newspaper. 那个小男孩靠卖报谋生。

She usually went out on Saturday nights. 她通常在周六晚上外出。

(3) 有些情况，发生的时间虽然不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，也要用过去时。如：

It was a pity you didn’t go to the lecture. 很遗憾你没去听讲座。

I was glad to hear from you. 很高兴收到你的信。

How did you like the film? 你觉得这部电影怎样?

过去将来时：

一、基本结构

would+动词原形。

二、基本用法

(1) 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情。常用于宾语从句中。如：

He said he would come. 他说他要来。

He told us he would go with us. 他告诉我们他会和我们一起去。

They were sure that they would win. 他们坚信他们会赢。

【注】在一定的语境中也可于其他从句或句子中：

It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

It was six o’clock. The sun would soon set. 这时是六点钟。太阳即将落山。

(2) 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。如:

Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with the housework. 他一有时间就帮妈妈做家务活。

(3) 还可用来表示愿望或倾向。如：

He told me that the machine wouldn’t work. 他告诉我机器开不动。

We knew that he would never permit such a thing. 我们知道他决不会允许发生这样的事。

过去进行时：

1. 构成

was / were+动词的现在分词。

2. 基本用法

(1) 表示过去某一时间点或一段时间正在进行的动作。如：

What were you doing this time yesterday? 你昨天这个时候在干什么?

Granny fell asleep when she was reading. 奶奶看书时睡着了。

He was writing a book about grammar last year, but I don’t know whether he has finished it.他去年在写一本语法方面的书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了。

What were you talking about just now? 你们刚才在谈什么?

He was working from 7 to 11 last night. 昨晚他从七点一直工作到十一点。

(2) 过去进行时与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等表示感情色彩。如：

My brother was always losing his keys. 我哥哥老是丢钥匙。

The boy was continually asking the same question. 这个男孩子老是问同一个问题。

(3)动词wonder, hope, think, want等的过去进行时表示语气委婉、客气。如：

We were wondering if you would stay with us for lunch. 我不知你能否留下来和我们一起吃午饭。

I was hoping you give me a chance to try the job. 我很希望你给我一个机会来试一试这个工作。

(4)过去进行时表将来。如：

—What were you doing when he came to see you?

—I had just finished my homework and was leaving to

He said his brother was leaving for Japan tomorrow. 他说他哥哥明天要去日本。

过去完成时：

1. 构成

助动词had+动词的过去分词。

2. 基本用法

(1) 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已发生或完成的动作、状态(“已完成”)。句中常用by , before , until , when 等引导的时间状语。如：

Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。(指从星期二至昨天未吃东西)

I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We hadn’t seen each other since we left Paris. 上周星期天我见到史密斯先生了，自从离开巴黎后我们还一直没见过面。

By the end of the year no decision had been made. 到年底也没有做出任何决定。

He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。

(2)过去完成时的动作还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去(未完成)。如：

Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 他睡觉之前，工作了12小时。

The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema. 当我到达电影院时，电影已经开演五分钟了。

We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain. 我们刚到学校天就下雨了。

(3) 某些动词如intend / think / plan / expect / hope等的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望或打算。如：

I had intended to come to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away. 我原打算昨晚来看你，但有人来访，我拖不开身。

He had hoped to find a job soon.他本来希望很快找到工作。

I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来，但有事就没有来。

(4)过去完成时用在hardly / scarcely…when…和no sooner…than 固定结构中。如：

No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began. 地上的霜一消散，人们就开始工作了。

Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚一到, 她就开始抱怨起来。

(5) 过去完成时用于条件分句或wish / would rather等后面的that从句中，表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望。如：

I would have met him, if I had come this morning. 今天早晨我来的话，就会见到他了。

I wish I had seen you yesterday. 我昨天见到你多好。

He would rather she had lent him more money than she did.他本希望她借给他的钱更多些。